![]() No treaty of peace shall be regarded as valid, if made with the secret reservation of material for a future war.” The first section consist of six preliminary articles of perpetual peace between states: The book takes the utopian view that it is possible for humanity’s desire for peace to overpower humanity’s desire for war These individual-centric values and beliefs of Kant form the foundations of one of his last works- Perpetual Peace a series of pronouncements which he claimed, if adhered to, lead to ‘perpetual peace’ among nations and within nations. ![]() Further, he believed that the central duty of government is ensuring liberty and freedom not in libertarian terms, but rather in the form of a free society where rational and universal will prevails and everyone can be the best part of themselves. He developed a philosophy called the ‘categorical imperative’ which was similar to the idea of ‘do unto others what you would have others do unto you’. He held a pessimistic view of human character and believed that humans by nature were corrupt. Immanuel Kant was a political philosopher who wrote during the period we now call ‘Enlightenment’ in Europe. ![]()
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